Global Mobile Archive

Calling on Chinese Bloggers

The President is in Tokyo today, and will be in China for the first half of next week.  In advance of the trip, our State Department hosted simultaneous press conferences in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou for audiences composed primarily of bloggers– a first for the U.S. in China. The attendees– a mix of English- and Chinese-language bloggers– were able to openly ask questions and comment on China’s internet restrictions, and several bloggers live-Tweeted the proceedings.

Obama Air Force OneThis is yet another example of the very smart 21st Century Statecraft being plied by the Clinton Department of State. Rather than limiting ourselves to interacting strictly with the governments of foreign countries, we can engage directly with people around the world. By lending credence to China’s bloggers, we help them in their effort to become a respected and efficacious voice for change in their own country. Even in cases in which our own objectives don’t quite line up with the ideals of the bloggers themselves, empowering a multitude of voices is a big step in the right direction.

We do, naturally, seem to be getting a bit of pushback from Beijing. When he stops in Shanghai next week, President Obama is hoping to hold a town hall meeting with Chinese youth in his typical free-flowing, agenda-free format.  Rumors abound that the Chinese and U.S. officials are having some trouble agreeing on the terms for the event, and it may be scuttled as a result. Fine. I, for one, would rather see the town hall ditched than see a phony compromise event in which the attendees have no freedom to speak their mind.

India Bans Pre-Paid Mobiles in Kashmir – Security or Suppression?

For eight years, the Indian government dragged its feet until, in 2003, it finally permitted mobile phones in conflict-torn Kashmir. Intelligence officials had feared that Kashmiri and Pakistani militants would use the phones to plan attacks on Indian army outposts throughout the region, but in ‘03 they relaxed the ban, and the past six years have been the most peaceful since the conflict began in 1989. Causation? Probably not. But correlation, anyway.

Srinagar Cell PhoneLast week, the Indian government walked back on technological freedoms in Kashmir, banning pre-paid mobile connections. In Kashmir, as in much of the developing world, pre-paid is a popular option thanks to its known costs, and low commitment; the new ban will take phones out of the hands of 3.8 million Kashmiris. Unsurprisingly, hundreds of Kashmiris have taken to the streets of Srinagar, the capital city, to protest the law in recent days.

The stated reasons for the prohibition are that mobile vendors are not conducting proper background checks on new subscribers, and that militants are using mobile phones to detonate bombs– a practice observed in Iraq and Afghanistan in recent years. I suspect the actual reasons are considerably more Machiavellian.

Srinagar is one of the most heavily-militarized cities in the world, and the dense presence of Indian troops has led to frequent clashes between Kashmiri civilians and the military. As the BBC documented earlier this year, young Kashmiris have been using their cell phones to bear witness to the disproportionate, often unprovoked violence of the Indian army. With a camera phone in every hand, every citizen is a journalist, and the explosion of photos, videos and other first-hand accounts of the violence in Kashmir has brought images of the violence to the world.

What’s more, the Indian intelligence services have met with some success finding and killing militants by monitoring the cell phone conversations of Kashmiris. The consistency and higher background-check requirements for post-paid cell phone plans makes it much easier to monitor those subscribers.

It’s my strong suspicion that the pre-paid ban in Kashmir has more to do with suppressing critical citizen media and monitoring civilian phone conversations than it does with preventing phone-bomb attacks. The ban consists of a suppression of basic freedoms and a violation of privacy in an already repressed state. Further, the government is denying citizens a valuable tool for economic development and access to the global ICT network– increasingly a fundamental right in itself.

FD: I spent some time reporting in Kashmir. My views are certainly informed by that experience. My reporting is published here.

Life Tools & Cheap Phones Come to Indonesia

Nokia PhonesNokia sells more handsets than any other manufacturer in the world, but they have never really caught on in the United States.  Rather, they make their bones selling simple, cheap, virtually indestructible phones in Europe and in much of the developing world. 

To avoid getting pigeonholed in this less-lucrative corner of the market, Nokia has increasingly been moving into offering services built into their handsets. A year ago, they launched Nokia Life Tools in India– a suite of applications meant particularly for phone users in rural, disconnected areas, to give them access to agricultural information, educational services, and entertainment media. 

The services were evidently a hit, as Nokia is now rolling out the same Life Tools in Indonesia, starting later this year. The tools, which run off a graphically rich, multilingual interface, help users by enabling access to weather forecasts and market prices for their produce, test preparation and English-language training, and music, jokes, and movie reviews.

In addition, Nokia just announced five new low-cost phones intended for rural environments, including their cheapest model to date. The $30 Nokia 1280 has a slightly shorter battery life than its predecessor– 8.5 instead of 9 hours– but it has other built-in features that make it a useful tool for a typical villager, including a flashlight and an FM radio. My favorite aspect is that the new phone enables five separate phone books; in many poorer areas, phone-sharing is an increasingly common way for people to stay connected, and the separation of phone books is a feature that– irrelevant in the US– makes the phone more valuable, and more functional for a user in rural Indonesia. Another great insight from Jan Chipchase and his colleagues at Nokia.

Secretary Clinton Announces “Civil Society 2.0″

Speaking today in Marrakesh, Secretary Hillary Clinton announced a new initiative of the State Department, “Civil Society 2.0.” Under this program, State will provide funding and expertise to allow grassroots civil society organizations around the world use technology to grow and work more effectively.  From the press release:

“Civil Society 2.0” includes the following components:

  1. Deploying a team of experienced technologists to work with civil society organizations around the globe to provide training and support to build their digital capacity. The competencies developed in the trainings will include:
    • How to build a website
    • How to blog
    • How to launch a text messaging campaign
    • How to build an online community
    • How to leverage social networks for a cause
  2. Partnering these technologists with local civil society organizations and governments to develop and implement technology-based solutions to local problems.
  3. Publishing interactive “how to” programs and curriculum online to help organizations that do not have access to in-person assistance.
  4. Creating a curated open platform that allows any citizen or company to develop, share or suggest content for the curriculum.
  5. Allocating $5 million in grant funds for pilot programs in the Middle East and North Africa that will bolster the new media and networking capabilities of civil society organizations and promote online learning in the region.

In the past, this kind of capacity building would have been undertaken by Western governments and NGOs. By letting foreign peoples and governments tackle their own problems, it’s much more likely that those problems will be addressed and solved in effective, locally-relevant ways. What’s more, this spread of technology will help promote American ideas, and make the U.S. a more sympathetic actor in the eyes of those around the world.

This is yet another element of the very savvy “21st Century Statecraft” that Secretary Clinton and her advisor Alec Ross are applying around the globe, and a part of the “Smart Power” approach to global leadership that the Obama Administration has embraced.

How Do You Say “Dot Com” in Urdu?

Sometime next year, for the first time, an internet domain name without any Latin characters will go live.

WangZhanICANN, the organization in charge of domain name and IP address registration, among other tasks, voted on Friday to permit domain names composed of nearly 100,000 different characters, beyond the 37 currently-permitted characters you see on your keyboard. Hindi and Chinese, Greek and Hebrew, Russian and Arabic characters will all be allowed in top-level domains.

The hope is that this change in policy will bring the internet within the reach of yet more people. It will certainly make the internet a more viable tool for children learning to read in languages that don’t use the Latin alphabet. It’s not an earth-moving event, perhaps, but it’s a small step that recognizes the global, boundary-free nature of the internet.

If you’re into this kind of thing, here’s a hopelessly sappy video from ICANN celebrating the change:

State Department Supporting Social Tech in Pakistan

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is in Islamabad, and yesterday she announced American support for a new mobile-phone based social network in Pakistan.  The network is called “Humari Awaz,” which means “our voice,” and it is accessible through a free SMS shortcode on all five mobile networks. Pakistanis will be able to use these networks for purely social ends, or to enhance business, media, agricultural, and other purposes. The US government will pay for the first 24 million text messages sent through Humari Awaz.

As in much of the developing world, Pakistan’s 95 million mobile subscriptions vastly outnumber landline or internet connections, so it makes a lot of sense to leverage SMS technology to tie people together.  I’d be curious to hear more about who State is partnering with on this– particularly who will be operating the back-end– and how the network will function for users.

But on a less tech-y and more geopolitical note, I’m a big fan of the State Department’s continued embrace of “21st Century Statecraft,” to advance American interests by using modern technology and encouraging its adoption around the world. Pakistan is the “most dangerous place on earth,” and also one of the places most central to American security. Leveraging social technology to help build civil society, improve the economy, and empower Pakistani citizens is a smart, focused use of our power, and initiatives like this may do more to promote American security than any direct US action against al Qaeda’s strongholds in Waziristan ever could.

Food for Iraqi Refugees via Mobile

While the State Department is using SMS to build social networks in Pakistan, the UN World Food Programme is using SMS to distribute food aid to Iraqi refugees in Syria. Beneficiaries will recieve vouchers via text message with codes that can be redeemed at state-run stores.  So far it’s just a pilot program, serving just 1,000 of the 130,000 Iraqi refugees recieving food aid in Syria, but the hope is to scale it broadly. If it proves successful, it’s win-win-win:

WFP Mobile Food VouchersIt’s great for the beneficiaries, who can now spend their voucher on whatever food they like– including perishables like milk and eggs, which are not included in the typical food aid basket. What’s more, beneficiaries can now avoid the trip to the WFP headquarters and the wait on line for food.

It’s a boon for local business.  Instead of the WFP importing rice, flour, chickpeas, and whatnot, they’ll now be passing the cash to shopkeepers, and circulating money in the Syrian economy.

And it’s good for the WFP– if the program scales well, they’ll save a bundle on food distribution costs.

I think before long we’ll be seeing something similar in the United States replacing the food stamp program. The benefits aren’t quite as significant as in the WFP’s situation, and the functionality will be different (we don’t, for example, have many government-run groceries in the States), but I imagine this will be one part of an inevitable shift of government service delivery onto web and mobile platforms.

(h/t Dolbee)

Broadband Internet Is Your Right! If You’re Finnish.

Interesting news out of Finland, where new legislation will make 1mbps broadband internet a legal right. Most of the country is wired, but the new law will force broadband providers to extend their networks to rural areas. Says the legislative counsellor of the Ministry of Transport and Communications:

We think it’s something you cannot live without in modern society. Like banking services or water or electricity, you need Internet connection.

Rural FinlandOther countries, including France, have mandated internet access, but Finland is the first to set a threshhold for speed. (And they’ve set ambitious goals for growth, too: 100mbps by 2015) Ban Ki-Moon has made global ICT access a priority, and spoke last week in support of extending networks to schools around the world.

The question of whether high-speed internet access should be treated as a right is one that I think we’ll be wrestling with a lot in coming years. Certainly, access to and understanding of the global ICT network is a prerequisite for the success of any child growing up in the 21st century. And increasingly, as more and more services are delivered over mobiles and the web, governments will need to ensure universal access.

We still have a long way to go in the United States, though. We are, in fact, the only industrialized nation without a national plan to promote the spread of broadband. Finland, two steps ahead of us, might be taken as an inspiration…

Introducing “Global Mobile”

Welcome to Global Mobile, a new blog about the power of mobiles. We’ve been writing about cell phones in politics long before Barack Obama told you he picked Joe Biden via text message. New Policy Institute President Simon Rosenberg and Alec Ross co-authored a paper in 2007 about the importance of the global communications network for our affiliate, NDN, suggesting that we better prepare our children for this new world. And last year, Tom Kalil, now Deputy Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, wrote a ground-breaking paper about the “Mobile Revolution.” So, this blog is building on a pretty deep track record dealing with this stuff.

For frequent updates about the ways that mobile technology is changing lives and improving societies around the world, check back often at the Global Mobile blog.

The Challenges and Opportunities of Telemedicine

I was at Brookings this morning for a discussion on “Consumer-Driven Medicine” (A curious euphemism for what I would call “patient-driven medicine”– isn’t it a disturbing reduction to think of patients as simply “consumers” of medical services? But I digress…). Specifically, telemedicine (or mHealth, or whatever you want to call it) in America was the subject of the day.

There was unanimous agreement that telemedicine has the potential to help improve healthcare outcomes without raising costs (and possibly lowering them). Further, as I was saying on Tuesday, the technology is basically already here, and AT&T, a presenter on the panel, has been developing technologies that would network all our mHealth devices. So why can’t you track your blood sugar and check your medical records on your Blackberry?  A few key themes emerged:

  • TelemedicineThe biggest obstacle for telemedicine is that insurance doesn’t cover it. Part of the problem here is that when the CBO costs out implementation of telemedicine infrastructure, they don’t account for cost savings. True, a big upfront investment is required, but telemedicine is all about cost savings. It saves trips to the doctor.  It saves the valuable time of doctors.  Through preventive care and monitoring of chronic disease, people can avoid getting sick– and that’s a massive cost saver. So the CBO issue prevents Medicare and Medicaid from leading in telemedicine, and given a comfortable status quo, private insurers are unlikely to make the initial investment, either.
  • Rural areas stand to gain the most from telemedicine. One of the presenters was Dr. Karen Rheuban, a self-described “country doctor” (and also head of the American Telemedicine Association). Like in any developing country, rural America faces challenges of resource scarcity. Doctors are few, hospitals are far-between, and high-quality specialty care is virtually nonexistent. Dr. Rheuban talked about one initiative in Virginia that brought a mobile mammogram machine into rural communities.  The images were reviewed by doctors in Richmond, and results returned the same day.
  • Patients love telemedicine. Doctors are a little wary. The panelists concurred that after their first experience with remote monitoring or consultation, patients are enthusiastically ready to make it their norm. Doctors, while they know it has potential, and know it’s where events are leading, tend to be more dubious. This was interestingly reflected by the audience at the event; in question after question, doctors seemed very wary of telemedicine, and of yielding much control to either data-crunching software or to patients themselves. Change is hard, but this is a case in which progress could lead to doctors having more of their rarest resource: time.

In sum, good event from Brookings on a crucial subject (and one, I’d say, that should have a bigger role in our current healthcare debate).